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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
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Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

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Nose and nasal cavity
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation
06:13

Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation

Published on: June 20, 2018

New bone formation in unilateral rhinosinusitis.

Seok Hyun Cho1, Su Young Kim, Keun Young Lee

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea. shcho@hanyang.ac.kr

American Journal of Rhinology
|February 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Computed tomography (CT) reveals new bone formation in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Hounsfield units (HU) may help diagnose and quantify this bone remodeling in unilateral rhinosinusitis (URS).

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Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials
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Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials
08:41

Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials

Published on: August 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Computed tomography (CT) often shows abnormal bone thickening in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
  • Sinus bone is not static and undergoes remodeling due to chronic inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate new bone formation (NBF) in unilateral rhinosinusitis (URS).
  • To assess the utility of Hounsfield units (HU) in quantifying bone remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewed CT scans of 29 URS patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery.
  • Defined NBF as significant bone thickening compared to the unaffected side.
  • Measured bone density using Hounsfield units (HU) and soft tissue severity using the Lund-Mackay system.

Main Results:

  • NBF was predominantly found in maxillary and anterior ethmoid sinuses (83.7%).
  • NBF correlated significantly with higher Lund-Mackay scores (p = 0.043).
  • HU values differed significantly between sides with and without NBF (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Hounsfield units (HU) show potential for diagnosing and quantifying bone remodeling in URS.
  • CT imaging provides valuable insights into sinus bone changes in chronic inflammation.