Root resorption and orthodontic treatment. Review of the literature

The aim of this paper was to provide a systematic review of the literature on the root resorption caused by orthodontic treatment. Original papers on this subject, published in English from January 2000 until December 2005, were located in the MEDLINE/PubMed database. Other sources were taken from the references of the selected papers. Root resorption is the most common sequela of the orthodontic treatment. It is an inflammatory process that leads to an ischemic necrosis localized in the periodontal ligament when the orthodontic force is applied. The onset and progression of root resorption are associated with risk factors related to the orthodontic treatment such as the duration of treatment, the magnitude of the force applied, the direction of the tooth movement, the method of force application (continuous versus intermittent), the orthodontic movement. Patient-related risk factors are the individual susceptibility on a genetic basis, some systemic diseases, anomalies in root morphology, dental trauma, and previous endodontic treatment. The prevention of root resorption during the orthodontic treatment may be performed controlling the risk factors. The periodic radiographic control during the treatment is necessary in order to detect the occurrence of root damages and quickly reassess the treatment goals.