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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

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Published on: May 7, 2014

Structural and functional imaging correlates for age-related changes in the brain.

Paul C Tumeh¹, Abass Alavi, Mohamed Houseni

¹Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine

|February 10, 2007

Summary

Brain imaging reveals that while total brain volume increases until age 20, whole brain and frontal lobe metabolism significantly decline with aging. Cerebellar metabolism remains stable, aiding in the early detection of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Gerontology
Brain Aging

Background:

Aging is associated with significant changes in brain structure and function.
Neuroimaging techniques have advanced the study of age-related brain alterations.
Understanding normal aging is crucial for identifying pathological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in neuroimaging for studying brain maturation and aging.
To present findings from MR volumetric and positron emission tomography analyses in pediatric and adult cohorts.
To correlate neuroimaging findings with normal aging processes.

Main Methods:

Positron emission tomography (PET)
Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging
Advanced MR techniques, including functional MR imaging (fMRI)
MR volumetric analysis
PET analysis

Main Results:

Total brain volume increases up to 20 years of age.
Whole brain metabolism decreases by 38% with age.
Frontal lobe metabolism decreases by 42% with age.
Cerebellar metabolism shows no significant age-related decline.

Conclusions:

Neuroimaging effectively documents age-related changes in brain structure and function.
Metabolic decline in the brain is a key feature of aging, particularly in the frontal lobes.
Distinguishing normal aging from disease is essential for early diagnosis of neurological disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.