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Related Concept Videos

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants01:19

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
The simpler quadrants approach, which is more commonly used in medicine, subdivides the cavity with one horizontal and one vertical line that intersects at the patient's umbilicus (navel). The four quadrants...
Abdominal Aorta01:25

Abdominal Aorta

Once the aorta traverses the diaphragmatic plane at the aortic hiatus, it is known as the abdominal aorta. This anatomical structure is positioned leftward of the spinal column, encased within a cocoon of adipose tissue behind the peritoneal cavity. It terminates at the L4 vertebra, where it splits into the common iliac arteries. Prior to this bifurcation, the abdominal aorta gives rise to several vital branches.
The celiac trunk, a singular artery, divides into the left gastric artery, which...
Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction01:29

Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction

Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine that disrupts the normal flow of intestinal contents through the lumen. This interruption impairs digestion, absorption, and fluid balance, and may lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.Mechanical ObstructionMechanical obstruction occurs when a physical blockage prevents intestinal contents from passing, arising from within the lumen or the bowel wall, or from external compression.Adhesions,...
Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
Peritoneum01:21

Peritoneum

The peritoneum is a vital membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the organs within it. It plays a crucial role in protecting the organs, providing a smooth surface for their movement, and facilitating various physiological processes. Understanding the anatomy and function of the peritoneum is essential for comprehending the complexities of the abdominal region.
Anatomy of the Peritoneum
The peritoneum is divided into two layers: the parietal peritoneum and the visceral...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model
10:32

Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model

Published on: July 27, 2017

EVAR in iliac occlusion.

James Scurr1, Thien How, S Rao Vallabhaneni

  • 1Regional Vascular Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK.

Journal of Endovascular Therapy : an Official Journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists
|February 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Recanalizing an occluded common iliac artery (CIA) enabled successful endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) using a bifurcated stent-graft. This approach offers a viable alternative for select patients needing AAA repair.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model
10:32

Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model

Published on: July 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Endovascular Interventions

Background:

  • Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) often require complex repair strategies when associated with iliac artery occlusive disease.
  • Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is a less invasive alternative to open surgery for AAA, but challenging anatomy can limit its applicability.
  • Occlusion of the common iliac artery (CIA) presents a significant challenge for standard EVAR with bifurcated stent-grafts.

Observation:

  • A case report details the successful recanalization of a completely occluded right common iliac artery (CIA) in a 75-year-old male patient with a large infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).
  • A Zenith bifurcated stent-graft was successfully deployed after recanalizing the occluded CIA, restoring patency and enabling aneurysm exclusion.
  • Nine-month follow-up computed tomography demonstrated no endoleak, a reduction in aneurysm diameter, and patent iliac arteries.

Findings:

  • Successful recanalization of an occluded CIA is feasible and allows for the use of bifurcated stent-grafts in AAA repair.
  • Endovascular repair of AAA with a bifurcated stent-graft is achievable even in the presence of unilateral CIA occlusion, provided successful recanalization.
  • This technique offers a potentially less morbid alternative to open surgical repair or aortomonoiliac stent-graft with extra-anatomical bypass.

Implications:

  • Recanalization of occluded CIAs expands the indications for endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
  • This approach may improve patient selection for endovascular repair, potentially reducing the need for open surgery or complex bypass procedures.
  • Long-term surveillance is crucial to monitor for potential iliac-related complications and ensure the durability of the repair.