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Related Experiment Videos

Antigen recognition by gammadelta T cells.

Yueh-hsiu Chien1, Yves Konigshofer

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. chien@stanford.edu

Immunological Reviews
|February 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Gamma delta T cells possess unique immune functions due to distinct antigen recognition. Their T-cell receptors (TCRs) recognize non-classical MHC molecules like T10/T22, revealing key determinants of their specificity.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • T cell biology
  • Molecular immunology

Background:

  • Gamma delta T cells have unique immune functions distinct from alpha beta T cells.
  • Their T-cell receptor (TCR) diversity generation differs significantly from alpha beta TCRs.
  • The specific antigens recognized by most gamma delta T cells remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the antigen-recognition properties of gamma delta T cells.
  • To identify the natural ligands for gamma delta T cells.
  • To elucidate the molecular determinants of gamma delta TCR specificity.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of T10 and T22 as natural ligands for a subset of murine gamma delta T cells.
  • Analysis of V gene usage and CDR3 sequences in T10/T22-specific gamma delta TCRs.

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  • Structural analysis (crystal structure) of a gamma delta TCR bound to its ligand.

    • Main Results:

    • Non-classical MHC class I molecules T10 and T22 are ligands for 0.2-2% of murine gamma delta T cells.
    • T10/T22-specific gamma delta TCRs exhibit diverse V gene usage and CDR3 sequences.
    • A specific motif within the TCR delta chain, encoded by V/D segments and P-nucleotide addition, determines antigen specificity and affinity.

    Conclusions:

    • Gamma delta T cells utilize distinct TCRs to recognize non-classical MHC molecules like T10/T22.
    • The TCR delta chain's CDR3 motif is critical for antigen recognition and affinity modulation.
    • Understanding T10/T22 recognition provides insights into gamma delta T cell biology and immune regulation.