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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
14:29

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 8, 2012

Self/non-self discrimination by human gammadelta T cells: simple solutions for a complex issue?

Aurélie Thedrez1, Caroline Sabourin, Julie Gertner

  • 1INSERM U601, Département de Recherche en Cancérologie, Institut de Biologie/CHU, Nantes, France.

Immunological Reviews
|February 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Human gammadelta T cells possess innate-like features, distinguishing them from alphabeta T cells. They recognize endogenous stress determinants, enabling discrimination between healthy and altered cells for therapeutic applications.

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Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
14:29

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Published on: October 8, 2012

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells
08:10

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

Published on: February 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Immunology
  • Innate Immunity

Background:

  • Gammadelta T cells are traditionally viewed as innate-like effectors due to preactivated subsets with limited antigen recognition.
  • However, heterogeneity exists, with some subsets exhibiting adaptive immunity traits like diverse reactivity and memory phenotypes.
  • This challenges the classical view, suggesting a more complex role in immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the innate features shared by human gammadelta T cells that differentiate them from alphabeta T cells.
  • To elucidate the recognition mechanisms and functional capabilities of human gammadelta T cells.
  • To review the therapeutic potential of targeting gammadelta T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human gammadelta T cell subsets.
  • Investigation of T-cell receptor (TCR) and natural killer (NK) receptor-mediated activation.
  • Characterization of antigen recognition repertoire and cellular phenotypes.
  • Review of immunotherapeutic strategies involving gammadelta T-cell agonists.

Main Results:

  • Human gammadelta T cells, despite heterogeneity, share innate characteristics distinct from alphabeta T cells.
  • Most human gammadelta T cells are activated via TCR or NK receptor recognition of conserved endogenous stress determinants.
  • This recognition mechanism allows for the differentiation of healthy from altered cells, mediating diverse immune functions.

Conclusions:

  • Human gammadelta T cells exhibit a unique blend of innate and adaptive immune properties.
  • Their ability to recognize stress determinants provides a mechanism for distinguishing self from non-self or altered self.
  • Synthetic agonists targeting these pathways offer promising immunotherapeutic strategies for infectious and malignant diseases.