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Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...

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Related Experiment Video

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O-Ring Aortic Banding Versus Traditional Transverse Aortic Constriction for Modeling Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy
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Aortic coarctation: an overview.

Pietro Angelo Abbruzzese1, Enrico Aidala

  • 1Division of Cardiac Surgery, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy. pa.abbruzzese@virgilio.it

Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)
|February 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Surgical repair is essential for severe aortic coarctation in newborns. A median sternotomy approach without extracorporeal circulation shows satisfactory results for aortic coarctation with a hypoplastic aortic arch.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Severe aortic coarctation necessitates prompt surgical intervention in neonates.
  • Optimal timing for elective repair of isolated aortic coarctation is typically 3-6 months or upon diagnosis.
  • Aortic arch hypoplasia affects up to 70% of neonatal and infant coarctations, often requiring surgical treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a median sternotomy approach without extracorporeal circulation for treating aortic coarctation with a hypoplastic aortic arch.
  • To assess the short-term outcomes of this surgical technique in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 11 patients with aortic coarctation and a hypoplastic aortic arch underwent surgical repair.
  • The surgical approach utilized was median sternotomy without extracorporeal circulation.
  • Patients were followed up for an average of 40 months.

Main Results:

  • The median sternotomy approach without extracorporeal circulation yielded satisfactory results in the treated patients.
  • No major complications were reported during the follow-up period.
  • The technique appears effective for managing aortic coarctation, particularly with associated hypoplastic aortic arch.

Conclusions:

  • Median sternotomy without extracorporeal circulation is a viable and effective treatment option for aortic coarctation with a hypoplastic aortic arch.
  • This approach offers a promising alternative, especially in cases where cardiopulmonary bypass may pose additional risks.
  • Further research with larger cohorts is warranted to confirm long-term outcomes and compare with other surgical techniques.