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Features and treatment of rabies
M L Frenia1, S M Lafin, J A Barone
1Department of Pharmacy, University Medical Center, Jacksonville, FL 32209.
Clinical Pharmacy
|January 1, 1992
Summary
Rabies, a viral infection, is increasing globally. Prompt vaccination and wound care after suspected exposure are nearly 100% effective in preventing this often-fatal disease.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Virology
- Public Health
Background:
- Rabies incidence is rising globally.
- Transmission occurs primarily through infected animal bites, but also via corneal transplants and inhalation.
- The disease progresses through five distinct clinical stages.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the epidemiology, virology, transmission, pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of rabies.
- To emphasize the importance of early intervention in rabies management.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on rabies.
- Description of the clinical course and diagnostic criteria.
- Outline of recommended treatment protocols.
Main Results:
- Rabies has a five-stage progression, with characteristic symptoms like hydrophobia and aerophobia.
- Early diagnosis and prompt post-exposure prophylaxis are crucial.
- Vaccines (human diploid-cell vaccine, rabies vaccine adsorbed) and immune globulin are highly effective when administered early.
Conclusions:
- Rabies is preventable with timely and appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis.
- Early treatment, including wound care and vaccination, is nearly always curative if initiated during the incubation period.
- Untreated rabies infection is typically fatal.