Bioengineering studies of the embryo transfer procedure.

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Biomechanical Engineering
• Computational Modeling

Background:

• Embryo transfer (ET) is a critical step in extracorporeal fertilization.
• Low embryo implantation rates are partly due to the complexity of the ET technique.
• Mechanical factors significantly influence ET success.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the contribution of mechanical features to embryo transfer success.
• To develop computational and experimental models for simulating ET.
• To analyze the impact of injection parameters and uterine positioning on embryo dispersion.

Main Methods:

• Developed experimental models for laboratory simulation of catheter load dispersion.
• Utilized mathematical modeling to analyze embryo trajectories under varying injection velocities and intrauterine flows.
• Simulated different injection speeds and uterine tilt angles.

Main Results:

• Mechanical parameters like uterine position and air in the catheter load are crucial.
• Air in the catheter load can enhance the likelihood of embryos reaching the fundal area.
• Injection speed and uterine position significantly affect embryo dispersion patterns.

Conclusions:

• Performing ET with the uterine fundus as the highest point optimizes embryo placement.
• Slow injection (≥10 seconds) and catheter tip placement in the mid-cavity are recommended.
• These optimized techniques can improve implantation rates and reduce ectopic pregnancy risk.