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Seizures l: Introduction

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Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

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Neurosyphilis presenting with status epilepticus.

Candan Gürses¹, Murat Kürtüncü, Jeffrey Jirsch

¹Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Millet Caddesi Capa, 34390 Istanbul, Turkey. candan.gurses@gmail.com

Epileptic Disorders : International Epilepsy Journal with Videotape

|February 20, 2007

Summary

Neurosyphilis can cause status epilepticus (SE) in patients, even without a prior epilepsy history. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing these neurological complications and preventing long-term executive dysfunction.

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Published on: April 5, 2011

Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Neurosyphilis is a complex infection affecting the central nervous system.
Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency characterized by prolonged seizures.

Observation:

Three patients with neurosyphilis presented with status epilepticus (SE) following penicillin administration.
Electroencephalograms (EEGs) revealed periodic, lateralized, epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) after SE.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum tests (VDRL, TPHA/FTA-ABS) were positive for syphilis; HIV serology was negative.

Findings:

Two patients experienced convulsive SE, and one had non-convulsive SE.
Cranial MRI findings varied, including cerebral atrophy and temporal lobe hyperintensities that resolved with treatment.
One patient exhibited symptoms suggestive of a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) post-penicillin.

Implications:

Neurosyphilis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of status epilepticus.
Early recognition and treatment of neurosyphilis are essential to prevent neurological sequelae.
Patients may experience persistent executive dysfunction despite treatment.