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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

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Monitoring Neutrophil Elastase and Cathepsin G Activity in Human Sputum Samples

Monitoring Neutrophil Elastase and Cathepsin G Activity in Human Sputum Samples

Published on: May 21, 2021

Human neutrophil elastase in RSV bronchiolitis.

M Emboriadou¹, Maria Hatzistilianou, Ch Magnisali

¹2nd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science

|February 22, 2007

Summary

Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) levels are elevated in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. These higher HNE levels in nasal and serum samples indicate significant airway inflammation but do not correlate with disease severity.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
Immunology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Acute bronchiolitis is a common, potentially severe lower respiratory tract infection in young children.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary cause of acute bronchiolitis.
Neutrophil involvement and associated enzymes like human neutrophil elastase (HNE) are implicated in airway inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate nasal and serum levels of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) in infants with acute RSV bronchiolitis.
To investigate the correlation between HNE levels and the severity of illness in these patients.
To determine if HNE levels serve as a marker for inflammation in RSV bronchiolitis.

Main Methods:

Fifty-one infants with acute RSV bronchiolitis (Group A) and 30 healthy infants (Group B) were studied.
Nasal lavage and serum samples were collected from Group A on days 1, 5, and 15 post-admission.
HNE concentrations, white blood cell counts, and neutrophil/eosinophil differentials were measured.

Main Results:

Significantly higher nasal and serum HNE concentrations were observed in RSV bronchiolitis patients compared to controls.
Elevated HNE levels persisted even after respiratory symptoms improved.
Nasal and serum HNE concentrations did not correlate with the clinical score of disease severity.

Conclusions:

Neutrophils significantly contribute to airway inflammation in acute RSV bronchiolitis.
Serum and nasal HNE levels are elevated in RSV bronchiolitis and may serve as useful markers of inflammation.
HNE levels do not appear to be a reliable indicator of clinical disease severity in this condition.