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Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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The mammalian epigenome.

Bradley E Bernstein1, Alexander Meissner, Eric S Lander

  • 1Molecular Pathology Unit and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. bbernstein@partners.org

Cell
|February 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The epigenome, encompassing heritable changes to DNA and histone proteins, regulates genome function. Understanding its complex composition is crucial for deciphering gene expression across diverse biological contexts.

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Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Chemical modifications to DNA and histone proteins create a regulatory network controlling chromatin structure and genome function.
  • The epigenome represents heritable changes across the genome, influenced by genetics, cell lineage, and environment.
  • Post-human genome sequencing, research focuses on understanding epigenetic changes in gene expression across development, tissues, and diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research efforts in epigenome studies.
  • To highlight large-scale studies, emerging technologies, and challenges in epigenome research.
  • To provide a comprehensive view of epigenetic modifications and their role in genome function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and large-scale epigenome studies.
  • Emphasis on emerging technologies for epigenome analysis.
  • Analysis of factors influencing epigenome composition.

Main Results:

  • The epigenome is a dynamic layer of regulation crucial for interpreting genetic information.
  • Large-scale studies are essential for a comprehensive understanding of epigenome variation.
  • Technological advancements are improving the ability to map and analyze the epigenome.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of the epigenome is critical for advancing biological and medical research.
  • Future research should focus on integrating large-scale data and novel technologies.
  • Addressing challenges in epigenome research will unlock new insights into health and disease.