Endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with four canals using operating microscope

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Endodontics
• Dental Anatomy

Background:

• Mandibular second premolars typically have one or two root canals.
• The presence of four root canals in a mandibular second premolar is exceptionally rare in endodontic literature.
• Previous reports of multi-canal mandibular premolars often lacked microscopic magnification.

Observation:

• A clinical case of a mandibular second premolar with four distinct root canals is presented.
• The pulp chamber floor was meticulously examined under varying magnifications (8x, 12.8x, 19.1x) using an operating microscope.
• Detailed photographic documentation captured the canal orifices at different magnification levels.

Findings:

• Successful endodontic treatment was achieved in a mandibular second premolar with a rare four-canal configuration.
• The operating microscope was instrumental in identifying and navigating all four canal orifices.
• Magnification confirmed the complex root canal anatomy and facilitated complete treatment.

Implications:

• Highlights the importance of magnification in endodontic diagnosis and treatment, especially for complex anatomies.
• Underscores the variability of dental anatomy and the need for thorough exploration.
• Contributes to the literature on rare root canal configurations in mandibular second premolars.