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Atoxoplasmosis in tanagers.

Michael J Adkesson1, Jacqueline M Zdziarski, Susan E Little

  • 1University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA.

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine : Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
|February 28, 2007
PubMed
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Atoxoplasma parasites are common in clinically healthy tanagers, indicating widespread subclinical infections. This suggests improved hygiene and selective breeding are crucial for controlling the disease in bird collections.

Area of Science:

  • Avian Medicine
  • Parasitology
  • Wildlife Health

Background:

  • Atoxoplasma spp. are coccidian parasites affecting passerine birds.
  • Diagnosing atoxoplasmosis is challenging with traditional methods like smears and histopathology.
  • Several tanager deaths prompted a study on Atoxoplasma prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of Atoxoplasma in a zoological park's tanager collection.
  • To assess the utility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosing Atoxoplasma infections.
  • To understand the subclinical prevalence and transmission risks of Atoxoplasma in captive birds.

Main Methods:

  • A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was employed to detect Atoxoplasma DNA.
  • Blood, fecal, and tissue samples were collected from 88 tanagers (18 species).

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  • Data from 57 other institutions were also gathered through a query.

    • Main Results:

    • Atoxoplasma was detected in 38.3% of clinically healthy birds' blood samples.
    • Positive results were also found in 16.7% of fecal samples and 59.4% of deceased birds' tissue samples.
    • The high prevalence in healthy birds suggests widespread subclinical infections.

    Conclusions:

    • Atoxoplasma is highly prevalent subclinically in tanager collections.
    • Young birds and stressed adults are most susceptible to clinical disease.
    • Recommendations include enhanced disinfection, enclosure design, hygiene, and selective breeding programs to mitigate transmission.