Multiple genotypes of influenza B viruses cocirculated in Taiwan in 2004 and 2005

An influenza B outbreak occurred in Taiwan in 2004 and 2005, during which both Victoria (Vic) and Yamagata (Ya) lineages cocirculated. This study examined 36 influenza B viral genomes isolated during the outbreak to reveal their reassortment patterns. According to the isolate groupings in phylogenetic analysis, we were able to categorize those 36 isolates as being of either the Victoria or Yamagata lineage for all eight influenza B virus genomic segments, except for the NS gene, in which clades A and B existed. Based on these groupings, three genome patterns clearly emerged, namely, pattern I (Vic+Vic+Ya+Vic+Ya+Ya+Ya+A, from segments 1 to 8), pattern II (Ya+Ya+Ya+Ya+Ya+Ya+Ya+B), and pattern III (Ya+Ya+Ya+Ya+Ya+Ya+Ya+A). According to the timeline of those isolates under investigation, it appears that pattern I and II viruses could have generated pattern III via reassortment of the NS gene. On the other hand, a genomewide comparison of all six pattern III Taiwanese viruses with 37 international influenza B viral genomes showed that two international strains, B/Oslo/71/04 and B/England/23/04, were consistently clustered with the pattern III viruses isolated in Taiwan in 2004 and 2005, suggesting that Taiwanese pattern III viruses might also have been imported due to their matching genomic composition.