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Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of 2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...

Nuclear Export

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...

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Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Versatile Pipeline for Analyzing Dynamic Changes in Nuclear Bodies in a Variety of Cell Types

A Versatile Pipeline for Analyzing Dynamic Changes in Nuclear Bodies in a Variety of Cell Types

Published on: June 28, 2024

NucPred--predicting nuclear localization of proteins.

Markus Brameier¹, Andrea Krings, Robert M MacCallum

¹Bioinformatics Research Center (BiRC), University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

|March 3, 2007

Summary

NucPred is a new tool that predicts if proteins are in the nucleus. This helps understand protein function, diseases, and drug discovery by analyzing eukaryotic protein sequences.

Area of Science:

Bioinformatics
Computational Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Subcellular protein localization provides crucial functional information.
Understanding protein localization is vital for disease diagnosis and drug discovery.
Identifying nuclear proteins aids in deciphering protein interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce NucPred, a novel web tool for predicting eukaryotic protein nuclear localization.
To provide a user-friendly platform for analyzing protein sequences and predicting subcellular location.
To offer visualization tools for detecting nuclear localization signals (NLSs).

Main Methods:

NucPred utilizes regular expression matching and genetic programming-induced classifiers.
It generates a likelihood score for nuclear localization at the sequence and residue levels.

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Visualization of Protein-protein Interaction in Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Fractions by Co-immunoprecipitation and In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay

Visualization of Protein-protein Interaction in Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Fractions by Co-immunoprecipitation and In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay

Published on: January 16, 2017

Computational Prediction of Amino Acid Preferences of Potentially Multispecific Peptide-Binding Domains Involved in Protein-Protein Interactions

Computational Prediction of Amino Acid Preferences of Potentially Multispecific Peptide-Binding Domains Involved in Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: January 26, 2024

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Versatile Pipeline for Analyzing Dynamic Changes in Nuclear Bodies in a Variety of Cell Types

A Versatile Pipeline for Analyzing Dynamic Changes in Nuclear Bodies in a Variety of Cell Types

Published on: June 28, 2024

Visualization of Protein-protein Interaction in Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Fractions by Co-immunoprecipitation and In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay

Visualization of Protein-protein Interaction in Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Fractions by Co-immunoprecipitation and In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay

Published on: January 16, 2017

Computational Prediction of Amino Acid Preferences of Potentially Multispecific Peptide-Binding Domains Involved in Protein-Protein Interactions

Computational Prediction of Amino Acid Preferences of Potentially Multispecific Peptide-Binding Domains Involved in Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: January 26, 2024

The tool integrates biological information for validation and interpretation.

Main Results:

NucPred accurately predicts whether proteins reside in the nucleus.
It provides residue-level predictions and visualization of NLSs.
The server offers access to supplementary biological data for enhanced analysis.

Conclusions:

NucPred is an effective tool for predicting eukaryotic protein nuclear localization.
The tool aids in understanding protein function, disease mechanisms, and drug development.
NucPred's accessibility and integrated data enhance biological interpretation.