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Electromagnetic power absorption and temperature changes due to brain machine interface operation.

Tamer S Ibrahim1, Doney Abraham, Robert L Rennaker

  • 1Department of Radiology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. tsi2@pitt.edu

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|March 6, 2007
PubMed
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Radiofrequency (RF) power for brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) is viable for clinical use. Simulations show RF heating is minimal, but chip power dissipation requires careful management to avoid exceeding safety limits.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Chronic neural recordings require simultaneous monitoring of numerous neurons.
  • Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are being developed for this purpose.
  • External operation and power via radiofrequency (RF) are necessary for chronic human use, but RF exposure poses heating risks regulated by the FDA/FCC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate tissue heating and specific absorption rate (SAR) from BMI operation.
  • To assess the safety of using RF for powering and communicating with BMIs.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated electromagnetics and bio-heat phenomena in an 18-tissue human head model.
  • Evaluated single and eight-chip configurations at 13.6 MHz, 1.0 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5.8 GHz.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Calculated SAR using finite-difference time-domain and predicted temperature changes using the bio-heat equation.

    • Main Results:

    • SAR-induced heating increased with frequency, peaking at 5.8 GHz (approx. 0.018–0.06°C).
    • Chip power dissipation caused higher temperature rises (up to 7.72°C for 8 chips).
    • Maximum allowable power dissipation per chip to stay below 1.0°C increase was 2.92 mW (single chip) and 1.25 mW (eight chips).

    Conclusions:

    • Thermal heating from SAR was insignificant, suggesting RF is a viable power source for BMIs.
    • Chip power dissipation is the primary thermal concern for BMI safety.
    • Careful management of chip power is crucial for safe clinical application of wireless BMIs.