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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Shunt Surgery, Right Heart Catheterization, and Vascular Morphometry in a Rat Model for Flow-induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Published on: February 11, 2017
Surrogate end points in pulmonary arterial hypertension: assessing the response to therapy
Jennifer L Snow1, Steven M Kawut
1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 844 West Gates Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Abstract:
Recent discoveries in the disease pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension have been translated into effective therapies tested in clinical trials. The studies have focused on surrogate and intermediate end points, thought to reflect quantity and quality of life, respectively. The authors present the necessary requirements for establishing the reliability and validity of such end points before they may be used dependably. The authors also review the available data, strengths, and weaknesses of potential end points in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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