Autopsy study of fatal deliberate self harm

Area of Science:

• Forensic Pathology
• Public Health
• Toxicology

Background:

• Deliberate self harm (DSH) presents a significant public health challenge globally.
• Understanding demographic and etiological factors of fatal DSH is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and common methods of fatal deliberate self harm (FDSH) in Southern India.
• To identify key demographic and seasonal patterns associated with FDSH deaths.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective autopsy study was conducted over 12 years (1993-2004) at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Southern India.
• Data from 1917 autopsied cases were analyzed, focusing on those identified as FDSH.

Main Results:

• Out of 1917 autopsies, 21.2% were attributed to DSH.
• Males (66.1%) and individuals in their third decade (35.9%) were most affected.
• Poisoning (73.5%), primarily organophosphorous compounds (71.9%), was the leading cause of death.
• Despair with life (61.9%) was the most common motive.
• Fatalities were more frequent in winter (35.8%) and during daytime (62.2%).
• Approximately one-third of victims survived 18-24 hours post-DSH.

Conclusions:

• Fatal deliberate self harm in this region disproportionately affects young males and is frequently linked to poisoning.
• The findings highlight the need for accessible mental health support and public awareness regarding the dangers of specific toxic substances.