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Updated: Jul 16, 2026
06:52
A Standardized Pig to Macaque Heterotopic Heart Xenotransplantation Model
Published on: November 4, 2025
Pig-to-non-human primate heart transplantation: immunologic progress over 20 years
Xiaocheng Zhu1, Frank J M F Dor, David K C Cooper
1Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
Abstract:
The major developments in pig-to-non-human primate heart xenotransplantation during the past 20 years are summarized, largely through the experience of one investigator. Genetic modifications to organ-source pigs have been important steps in increasing heart xenograft survival from a few minutes in 1986 to 2 to 6 months in 2005.
