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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Simple, Rapid, and Effective Method for Tumor Xenotransplantation Analysis in Transparent Zebrafish Embryos
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Clinical Xenotransplantation: A Suggested Next Step.

David K C Cooper1, Rita Bottino2

  • 1Center For Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Xenotransplantation
|June 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Gene-edited pig kidney xenotransplantation shows promise for patients needing transplants. A combined approach with pig islet cells could improve outcomes for diabetic nephropathy patients.

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Combined Islet and Kidney Xenotransplantation for Diabetic Nephropathy: Investigation of Pre-Vascularized Composite Grafts versus Sequential Islet-After-Kidney Transplantation in a Pig-to-Nonhuman Primate Model of Xenotransplantation.

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Clinical Pig Organ Transplantation: What Have We Learned So Far?

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Mapping histologic and functional maturation of human endocrine pancreas across early postnatal periods.

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The Therapeutic Potential of Complement Inhibitors in Xenoreactive Human Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity in Vitro.

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Expression of Human Thrombomodulin Prevents Early Thrombocytopenia and Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Pig-to-Nonhuman Primate Orthotopic Liver Xenotransplantation.

Xenotransplantation·2026

Area of Science:

  • Transplantation Biology
  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Disease Research

Background:

  • Xenotransplantation, particularly using gene-edited (GE) pig organs, is advancing towards clinical application.
  • A significant unmet need exists for donor organs, especially kidneys, with nearly half of US patients on waiting lists having diabetes.
  • Diabetic nephropathy patients benefit from combined kidney and islet transplantation to restore renal function and manage glucose.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of combined gene-edited pig kidney and islet xenotransplantation for patients with diabetic nephropathy.
  • To address the organ shortage crisis by leveraging xenotransplantation.
  • To propose a novel therapeutic strategy for optimizing outcomes in diabetic kidney disease.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
allotransplantationdiabetic nephropathyisletskidneyxenotransplantation

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  • Review of recent advancements in gene-edited pig xenotransplantation.
  • Analysis of outcomes in current GE pig kidney transplant recipients.
  • Evaluation of preclinical data on porcine islet transplantation in nonhuman primates.

Main Results:

  • Gene-edited pig kidney transplantation has shown promising survival rates (3-9 months in current recipients).
  • Porcine islet transplantation has demonstrated long-term glucose regulation in primate studies.
  • Combined allotransplantation and xenotransplantation is clinically justifiable due to immunosuppression requirements.

Conclusions:

  • Combined human kidney allotransplantation with gene-edited pig islet xenotransplantation is a viable strategy for diabetic nephropathy patients.
  • This approach offers a potential solution to organ shortages and improves metabolic stability.
  • Further research is needed to resolve complications like proteinuria before widespread adoption.