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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Streptococcal Pharyngitis01:27

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as “strep throat,” is an acute infection of the oropharyngeal tissues caused by the Gram‑positive Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking.Mechanisms of Host Entry and Immune EvasionUpon entering the host, S. pyogenes adheres to the mucosal epithelial cells of the pharynx via surface proteins, notably lipoteichoic acid and the antiphagocytic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
10:19

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization

Published on: November 16, 2016

Perinatal infection with Group B streptococci.

Karin Pettersson1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. karin.pettersson@karolinska.se

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|March 10, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes severe newborn infections. While screening and antibiotics reduce early-onset GBS, a vaccine could prevent both early and late-onset GBS disease in infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal infectious diseases
  • Bacterial pathogenesis
  • Public health strategies

Background:

  • Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia.
  • Current prevention strategies include intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for high-risk pregnancies.
  • Screening and risk-based approaches have shown variable success in reducing GBS infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for preventing neonatal Group B Streptococcus infections.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of screening versus risk-based approaches.
  • To discuss the potential of vaccination as a future prevention method.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of GBS prevention strategies.
  • Analysis of screening and risk-based approaches in different regions (USA vs. Europe).

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A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
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A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

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A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
10:19

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization

Published on: November 16, 2016

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
08:46

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

  • Discussion of emerging vaccination technologies for GBS.

    • Main Results:

    • US screening reduced early-onset GBS but not late-onset GBS.
    • European countries often recommend risk-based strategies.
    • Vaccination is a promising future alternative for GBS prevention.

    Conclusions:

    • Current prevention methods for GBS have limitations.
    • Vaccination holds significant potential for preventing neonatal GBS disease.
    • Further research and implementation of novel strategies are needed.