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Related Experiment Videos

Altered orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern in schizophrenia.

Motoaki Nakamura1, Paul G Nestor, Robert W McCarley

  • 1Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|March 10, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Schizophrenia alters the orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern, differing from controls and impacting cognitive function and symptoms. This may indicate a neurodevelopmental issue in schizophrenia patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Orbitofrontal cortex alterations in schizophrenia are not well understood due to anatomical variability.
  • Investigating the sulcogyral pattern of the orbitofrontal 'H-shaped' sulcus is crucial for characterizing these changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the sulcogyral pattern of the orbitofrontal 'H-shaped' sulcus in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls.
  • To investigate potential clinical and cognitive associations with different sulcogyral patterns in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • 3D high-spatial resolution MRI was used to assess 100 hemispheres from 50 schizophrenia patients and 100 hemispheres from 50 controls.
  • The 'H-shaped' sulcus pattern was classified into three types (I, II, III) based on a previous study.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Chi-square analysis and categorical regression were employed to compare patterns and explore associations.

    • Main Results:

    • Schizophrenia patients showed a significantly different distribution of orbitofrontal sulcogyral patterns compared to controls, particularly in the right hemisphere.
    • The typical hemispheric asymmetry observed in controls was absent in schizophrenia patients.
    • Type III pattern was increased in schizophrenia and associated with poorer cognitive function, more severe symptoms, impulsivity, and smaller intracranial content (ICC) volume.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides evidence for an altered orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern in schizophrenia, suggesting a potential neurodevelopmental aberration.
    • The findings indicate that altered sulcogyral patterns are unlikely due to medication effects.
    • Contrasting associations of Type I and Type III patterns with clinical outcomes suggest heterogeneity within schizophrenia and potential differences in treatment responsiveness.