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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

Developmental and gender differences in future-oriented decision-making during the preschool period.

Nancy Garon¹, Chris Moore

¹Autism Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada. nancy.garon@iwk.nshealth.ca

Child Neuropsychology : a Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence

|March 17, 2007

Summary

Older 4-year-olds demonstrated better decision-making by favoring future rewards over immediate ones. Gender differences in strategy emerged, potentially explaining prior research findings on child decision-making.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Cognitive Neuroscience
Behavioral Economics

Background:

Decision-making skills develop throughout childhood.
Understanding age and gender influences on decision-making is crucial for developmental research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate developmental and gender differences in decision-making among 4-year-olds.
To explore how children aged 4.0-4.11 years approach choices involving immediate versus future rewards.

Main Methods:

A child-friendly version of the Iowa Gambling Task was administered to 141 4-year-olds.
Children selected between decks offering immediate or delayed gratification.

Main Results:

Significant developmental differences were observed: older 4-year-olds (4.6-4.11) preferred decks with higher future rewards compared to younger children (4.0-4.5).
Distinct gender-based decision-making strategies were identified.

Conclusions:

Four-year-olds show developing abilities in delaying gratification for better long-term outcomes.
Identified gender differences in decision-making strategies may contribute to observed patterns in previous studies.