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[Obesity among preschool children of Santiago, Chile]
Juliana Kain1, Lydia Lera, Juanita Rojas
1Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. jkain@inta.cl
Insights
Childhood obesity is a major concern in Chile. This study found a significant increase in obesity prevalence from age two to three years in preschool children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nutrition
- Public Health
- Childhood Obesity Research
Context:
- Obesity is Chile's primary nutritional issue, necessitating early life interventions.
- Preschool-aged children are a critical demographic for monitoring nutritional status.
- Understanding obesity trends in early childhood is vital for public health strategies.
Purpose:
- To track the prevalence of obesity and anthropometric indicators in Chilean preschoolers from 2002 to 2004.
- To compare the evolution of obesity and related metrics across different age groups and genders.
- To analyze changes in weight-for-age and BMI Z-scores over a three-year period.
Summary:
- Obesity prevalence ranged from 11-13.6% in two-year-olds and 17-20% in three and four-year-olds.
- Weight-for-age and BMI Z-scores were lower in two-year-olds.
- A notable increase in obesity occurred between the ages of two and three years.
Impact:
- Highlights a critical window for obesity intervention between ages two and three.
- Provides data for targeted public health campaigns in early childhood.
- Informs policy decisions regarding nutritional programs for preschoolers in Chile.
Background:
In Chile, obesity is currently the main nutritional problem. Since prevention should start early in life, it is important to determine the prevalence of obesity during childhood according to age category.
Aim:
To determine and compare the evolution of the obesity prevalence and other anthropometric indicators in preschool children between 2002 and 2004.
Material And Methods:
Twice a year, we analyzed the data of children aged 2 to 4 yrs, from day care centers belonging to the National Association of Day Care Centers located in Greater Santiago, from 2002 till 2004 (the number of children included on each point in time fluctuated between 3,500 and 10,000). Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were carried out to determine the evolution of obesity prevalence, weight for age (WA) and body mass index (BMI) Z scores (according to the Centers for Disease Control 2000 reference) on preschoolers who were 2 years old in March 2002 and that were followed 3 years, until November 2004. These parameters were compared by age and gender over time.
Results:
The prevalence of obesity varied between 11 and 13.6% in two-year old children and between 17% and 20% in three and four year olds. The cross-sectional analysis showed that WA and BMI Z scores were significantly lower at 2 years of age, while the longitudinal analysis clearly demonstrated that there was a sharp rise in obesity between 2 and 3 years of age.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of obesity is high in preschool children, especially among the 3 and 4 year-olds with a significant rise from 2 to 3 years of age.
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