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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Published on: March 17, 2016

Cooperative estrogen receptor interaction with consensus or variant estrogen responsive elements in vitro.

C M Klinge¹, F V Peale, R Hilf

¹Department of Biochemistry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York 14642.

Cancer Research

|March 11, 1992

Summary

Estrogen receptor (ER) binds to estrogen-responsive elements (EREs) with high affinity. Cooperative binding occurs with multiple EREs, influenced by sequence and spacing, controlling gene expression.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Endocrinology
Genetics

Background:

Estrogen receptor (ER) plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression.
Estrogen-responsive elements (EREs) are DNA sequences that mediate ER binding.
Understanding ER-ERE interactions is key to deciphering hormonal regulation of genes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the binding kinetics and affinity of calf uterine ER to EREs in vitro.
To determine the structural requirements of EREs for high-affinity ER binding.
To explore the cooperative binding of ER to multiple EREs and its implications.

Main Methods:

In vitro binding assays using purified calf uterine ER and synthetic ERE sequences cloned into a plasmid vector.
Characterization of ER-ERE interactions using Scatchard and Hill analyses.
Synthesis and testing of variant ERE sequences to assess binding affinity and cooperativity.

Main Results:

Dimeric ER binds to single EREs with high affinity (Kd ≈ 0.24 nM).
Cooperative ER binding was observed with three or more tandem EREs (Hill coefficients > 1.5).
ERE sequence and spacing of inverted repeats critically influence ER binding affinity and cooperativity.

Conclusions:

In vitro findings confirm cooperative ER binding to EREs, mirroring in vivo observations.
ERE sequence, spacing, and copy number precisely regulate ER binding to target genes.
This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of estrogen-regulated gene expression.