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Arterial hypertension in Saudi Arabia
M M Al-Nozha1, M S Ali, A K Osman
1College of Medicine, and College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh.
Annals of Saudi Medicine
|March 1, 1997
Summary
Hypertension prevalence in the Kingdom was 9.1% systolic and 8.7% diastolic using the WHO definition. Childhood hypertension was notably high at 12.4% systolic and 7.9% diastolic.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Hypertension is a significant global health concern.
- Understanding its prevalence across different demographics is crucial for public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of hypertension in the Kingdom using a population-based survey.
- To analyze hypertension prevalence by age, sex, and different diagnostic criteria.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted with 13,700 participants.
- Cluster sampling and household visits by trained health teams were employed.
- The World Health Organization (WHO) definition (≥160/95 mmHg) was initially used, with a secondary analysis using ≥140/90 mmHg.
Main Results:
- Overall hypertension prevalence was 9.1% systolic and 8.7% diastolic (WHO definition).
- In children (<18 years), prevalence was 12.4% systolic and 7.9% diastolic.
- Adults (≥18 years) showed 5.3% systolic and 7.3% diastolic hypertension, with most cases (≥40 years) diagnosed using a lower threshold (≥140/90 mmHg).
- Females had significantly higher systolic hypertension (P < 0.01).
- Prevalence of Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH), Isolated Diastolic Hypertension (IDH), and Systolic Diastolic Hypertension (SDH) in adults were 1.8%, 3.8%, and 3.5% respectively.
Conclusions:
- Childhood hypertension requires monitoring due to potential long-term risks.
- Different definitions significantly impact perceived prevalence.
- Further research into sex-specific hypertension patterns and risk factors is warranted.
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