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Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Published on: November 14, 2025

A computed tomography-based protocol vs conventional clinical mark-up for breast electron boost.

A T Bates¹, C-L Swift, W Kwa

¹Department of Clinical Oncology, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK, and Department of Medical Physics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. andrew.bates1@virgin.net

Clinical Oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))

|March 24, 2007

Summary

Computed tomography (CT) planning for breast radiotherapy boosts improves accuracy over conventional methods. This study found CT planning enhances tumor bed coverage and can often utilize the initial CT scan for planning, improving patient outcomes.

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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

Area of Science:

Radiation oncology
Medical imaging
Surgical oncology

Background:

Whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) with computed tomography (CT) planning enhances breast coverage and reduces normal tissue dose.
CT planning may improve the accuracy of tumor bed boost treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

Compare breast boost volumes from clinical mark-up versus CT planning.
Assess tumor bed volume changes between initial and boost treatment CT scans.

Main Methods:

Evaluated 47 women receiving adjuvant WBRT and electron boost post-breast-conserving surgery.
Compared clinical boost portal definition with CT-delineated tumor bed clinical target volume (CTV).
Analyzed planning target volume (PTV) dose coverage (V90, V80) and CTV volume changes.

Main Results:

Mean V90 for PTV was 61%, with lower electron energy and small fields associated with lower coverage.
Mean CTV decreased by 4.3 cm³, influenced by the interval between surgery and CT.
On average, 61 cm³ of normal tissue received 90% of the prescribed dose.

Conclusions:

Conventional clinical breast boost planning demonstrates inaccuracies.
CT-planned electron boosts, combined with surgical clips, mammograms, and pathology, offer optimal tumor site coverage.
Boost planning can often be performed using the initial CT scan.