Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening
11:13

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening

Published on: August 29, 2015

7.8K

Protein kinase C and other diacylglycerol effectors in cancer

Erin M Griner1, Marcelo G Kazanietz

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, USA.

Nature Reviews. Cancer
|March 27, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are crucial in cancer promotion, regulating cell survival and apoptosis. Further research is needed to understand their specific roles in carcinogenesis and cancer progression.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes, effectors of diacylglycerol (DAG), are key targets of phorbol ester tumor promoters.
  • Despite decades of research since PKC's discovery, its precise role in tumor promotion remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which PKC isozymes regulate critical cellular processes involved in cancer.
  • To determine the contribution of PKC isozymes and other phorbol ester effectors to carcinogenesis.
  • To dissect the specific roles of individual DAG signals in cancer progression.

Main Methods:

  • This study is primarily a review and conceptual analysis of existing research on PKC and its role in cancer.
  • It synthesizes data from various studies investigating PKC isozymes, DAG signaling, and carcinogenesis.
  • The approach involves analyzing the known functions of PKC in cell-cycle regulation, survival, transformation, and apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • PKC isozymes play significant roles in cell-cycle regulation, cellular survival, malignant transformation, and apoptosis.
  • Phorbol esters, which target PKC and small G-protein regulators, are implicated in tumor promotion.
  • The diverse cellular functions regulated by PKC isozymes highlight their complex involvement in cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of PKC isozyme functions is essential for deciphering their contribution to tumor promotion.
  • Dissecting the specific roles of individual DAG signals is a critical challenge in understanding cancer progression.
  • Further investigation is required to fully elucidate the intricate relationship between PKC signaling pathways and carcinogenesis.

More Related Videos

Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro09:41

Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro

Published on: March 17, 2023

3.9K
Oncogene Expression Analysis with Alterations in pH in a Pancreatic Ductal Cell Line06:24

Oncogene Expression Analysis with Alterations in pH in a Pancreatic Ductal Cell Line

Published on: April 11, 2025

978

Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.6K
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
6.1K
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
15.3K
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
5.1K
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
7.3K
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
12.5K