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Related Experiment Videos

Concomitant gradient field effects in balanced steady-state free precession.

Christopher T Sica1, Craig H Meyer

  • 1Engineering Physics Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|March 29, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Concomitant magnetic field gradients cause signal loss in balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) MRI. This study details how these artifacts arise and demonstrates methods to eliminate them for clearer imaging.

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Medical Physics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Linear magnetic field gradients are essential for spatial encoding in MRI.
  • Concomitant gradients, arising from Maxwell's equations, cause undesired phase accumulation.
  • Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) is susceptible to signal dropout due to off-resonance effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and demonstrate that concomitant gradient phase accrual induces signal dropout in bSSFP imaging.
  • To explore the spatial variation of concomitant phase and its dependence on various imaging parameters.
  • To present methods for mitigating these MRI artifacts.

Main Methods:

  • Simulation of concomitant gradient phase accrual effects on bSSFP signal.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experimental verification using phantom and in vivo MRI scans.
  • Analysis of signal loss artifacts in relation to gradient strength, slice orientation, PE direction, distance from isocenter, and main field strength.

    • Main Results:

    • Concomitant gradient phase accrual was shown to induce signal dropout in bSSFP.
    • Signal loss artifacts are spatially dependent on gradient parameters and proximity to the isocenter.
    • The most significant signal loss occurred with transverse readout and z-axis offset from isocenter.
    • Artifacts are more pronounced at lower field strengths and in high-resolution scans.

    Conclusions:

    • Concomitant gradients are a significant source of signal dropout in bSSFP MRI.
    • Understanding the spatial variation of concomitant phase is crucial for artifact identification.
    • Compensatory frequency or shim offsets effectively eliminate these artifacts.
    • Mitigation strategies are essential for maintaining image quality, especially at lower field strengths or with demanding scan parameters.