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Related Concept Videos

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions01:14

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The complex three-dimensional arrangement of cells in any multicellular organism is defined and maintained by interactions of cells with each other and the extracellular matrix. Cell-cell junctions are specialized structures where the multi-protein complexes on one cell interact with the multi-protein complexes on another  cell. These cell junctions are classified  into three main types based on their function — occluding, anchoring, and gap junctions.
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SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
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Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane01:22

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Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
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The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

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Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
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Cell-cell Fusion of Genome Edited Cell Lines for Perturbation of Cellular Structure and Function
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Cell-cell Fusion of Genome Edited Cell Lines for Perturbation of Cellular Structure and Function

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Cell-cell fusion.

Elizabeth H Chen1, Eric Grote, William Mohler

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. echen@jhmi.edu

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|March 31, 2007
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell-cell fusion is crucial for development and repair but poorly understood. Recent genetic and biochemical studies are revealing molecular insights into this complex cellular process across various species.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cell-cell fusion is essential for development and homeostasis.
  • Fusion processes are implicated in cancer and stem cell-mediated tissue repair.
  • Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms of cell-cell fusion remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent genetic and biochemical studies on cell-cell fusion mechanisms.
  • To provide insights into the molecular basis of specialized fusion events in diverse cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent genetic studies.
  • Analysis of biochemical studies.
  • Comparative examination across different species and cell types.

Main Results:

  • Emerging genetic and biochemical data are illuminating fusion mechanisms.
  • Insights are being gained into fusion in yeast mating pairs.
  • Mechanisms in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian cells are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Recent research is beginning to unravel the complexities of cell-cell fusion.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is critical for fields ranging from development to disease.
  • Further investigation promises significant advancements in cell biology.