[Neuromuscular complications in transplant recipients]

Neuromuscular complications in transplant recipients are common and contribute to morbidity and mortality. Complications such as acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies and toxic myopathies are related to the changes in immune modulation that occur after transplantation or result from immunosuppressive treatment toxicity. Alternatively, other complications such as myositis, myasthenia gravis, and mononeuropathy multiplex may result from a dysimmune systemic disorder such as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, graft-versus-host disease or hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B virus chronic infection. Lastly, some of these complications, e.g., compression or stretch of individual nerves or plexus, are commonly seen in a postoperative setting and are not specific of patients with organ transplantation. This review focuses on the characteristic features, management, prognosis and pathophysiology of common and immune-related neuromuscular complications in organ transplant recipients.