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Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...

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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Visualizing Low-Abundance Proteins and Post-Translational Modifications in Living Drosophila Embryos via Fluorescent Antibody Injection

Visualizing Low-Abundance Proteins and Post-Translational Modifications in Living Drosophila Embryos via Fluorescent Antibody Injection

Published on: January 19, 2024

Whole-body imaging with fluorescent proteins.

Robert M Hoffman¹, Meng Yang

¹AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, California 92111, USA. all@anticancer.com

Nature Protocols

|April 5, 2007

Summary

Fluorescent protein technology enables whole-body imaging of tumors and gene expression in mice. This method uses retroviral vectors for stable transformation and various imaging instruments for detailed visualization within organs.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Imaging
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) offer intrinsic brightness for biological imaging.
Retroviral vectors facilitate stable gene expression for FP labeling.
Whole-body imaging requires appropriate mouse models and imaging equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail a technology for whole-body imaging of tumors and gene expression in mouse internal organs using fluorescent proteins.
To outline methods for stable transformation and transplantation of FP-expressing cells.
To discuss instrumentation and considerations for effective imaging.

Main Methods:

Stable transformation of cells with fluorescent protein genes using retroviral vectors and neomycin resistance.

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Visualizing Low-Abundance Proteins and Post-Translational Modifications in Living Drosophila Embryos via Fluorescent Antibody Injection

Visualizing Low-Abundance Proteins and Post-Translational Modifications in Living Drosophila Embryos via Fluorescent Antibody Injection

Published on: January 19, 2024

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells

Published on: February 18, 2014

Tracking Dynamics of Muscle Engraftment in Small Animals by In Vivo Fluorescent Imaging

Tracking Dynamics of Muscle Engraftment in Small Animals by In Vivo Fluorescent Imaging

Published on: September 21, 2009

Transplantation of labeled cells into mouse models (nude or wild-type mice).

Whole-body imaging using diverse instruments (LED flashlight to Olympus OV100) with appropriate filters to minimize autofluorescence.

Main Results:

Successful whole-body imaging of fluorescent cells across essentially all organs in mice.
Demonstration of tumor and gene expression visualization.
Adaptability of the technique for both macroimaging and microimaging.

Conclusions:

Fluorescent protein-based imaging is a versatile technology for in vivo studies.
The method allows for non-invasive monitoring of biological processes throughout the body.
Experimental timelines can range from 2 days to 2 months, offering flexibility.