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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

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Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
09:53

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Published on: July 5, 2021

Extraorbital skull base idiopathic pseudotumor.

Jason R Mangiardi1, Gady Har-El

  • 1Division of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology-Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center and the Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA. jason.mangiardi@downstate.edu

The Laryngoscope
|April 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Idiopathic pseudotumor (IP), typically an orbital lesion, can rarely occur in the skull base. This study reviews six cases, highlighting steroid responsiveness and potential recurrence in extraorbital IP.

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Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Idiopathic pseudotumor (IP) is a common cause of intraorbital space-occupying lesions.
  • IP can occasionally extend to the skull base, but isolated skull base involvement is rare.
  • This study focuses on extraorbital skull base pseudotumors, distinct from orbital presentations.

Observation:

  • Six patients with extraorbital skull base pseudotumor were treated between 1996 and 2004.
  • Lesions were located in the pterygopalatine/infratemporal fossae or superior parapharyngeal space.
  • A literature review identified 16 prior reports of skull base IP sparing the orbit.

Findings:

  • Five of six patients showed an excellent initial response to steroid treatment.
  • Two pseudotumors recurred, and one patient had a partial response to steroids.
  • The literature review confirmed the rarity of isolated skull base IP.

Implications:

  • Inflammatory pseudotumor can present outside the orbit, specifically in the skull base.
  • Treatment for skull base IP is debated, involving corticosteroids, surgery, or both.
  • Management decisions should consider pathological subtype, surgical safety, steroid tolerance, and patient factors.