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From Constructs to Crystals – Towards Structure Determination of β-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins
Published on: July 4, 2016
Mechanism and putative structure of B(0)-like neutral amino acid transporters
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4.
Abstract:
The Na(+)-dependent transport of neutral amino acids in epithelial cells and neurons is mediated by B(0)-type neutral amino acid transporters. Two B(0)-type amino acid transporters have been identified in the neurotransmitter transporter family SLC6, namely B(0)AT1 (SLC6A19) and B(0)AT2 (SLC6A15). In contrast to other members of this family, B(0)-like transporters are chloride-independent. B(0)AT1 and B(0)AT2 preferentially bind the substrate prior to the Na(+)-ion. The Na(+)-concentration affects the K ( m ) of the substrate and vice versa. A kinetic scheme is proposed that is consistent with the experimental data. An overlapping binding site of substrate and cosubstrate has been demonstrated in the bacterial orthologue LeuT( Aa ) from Aquifex aeolicus, which elegantly explains the mutual effect of substrate and cosubstrate on each other's K ( m )-value. LeuT( Aa ) is sequence-related to transporters of the SLC6 family, allowing homology modeling of B(0)-like transporters along its structure.
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