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Optic nerve imaging in multiple sclerosis.

Simon J Hickman1

  • 1Department of Neurology, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. simon.hickman@sth.nhs.uk

Journal of Neuroimaging : Official Journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
|April 12, 2007
PubMed
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Recent advancements in optic nerve imaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), aid in detecting multiple sclerosis (MS) optic nerve atrophy. Further research is needed to overcome technical challenges and refine diagnostic accuracy.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Optic nerve imaging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has faced technical challenges due to the optic nerve's small size, mobility, and surrounding artifacts.
  • Progress in this field has historically lagged behind imaging of other central nervous system (CNS) components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress in optic nerve imaging over the past decade, with a specific focus on its applications in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To highlight advancements in MRI techniques for visualizing the optic nerve and their relevance to MS diagnosis and monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on optic nerve imaging techniques, particularly MRI, over the last 10 years.
  • Focus on advancements in high-resolution imaging, fat and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suppression, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of specific sequences like SPIR-FLAIR for enhanced sensitivity to inflammatory demyelination.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant progress has been made in detecting optic nerve atrophy post-optic neuritis using advanced MRI techniques.
    • New methods allow for quantitative measurements of the optic nerve, including MTR and diffusivity, aiding in the assessment of tissue damage.
    • SPIR-FLAIR sequences show promise in increasing sensitivity to inflammatory demyelination in the optic nerve.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite challenges, optic nerve MRI has advanced significantly, offering improved detection of MS-related optic nerve damage.
    • Future directions include reducing motion artifacts, exploring ultra-high field MRI, and developing automated segmentation for reproducible quantitative analysis.
    • Further research is needed to correlate optic coherence tomography (OCT) findings with MRI, clinical, and electrophysiologic data to clarify its role in retinal damage assessment.