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Hydrocephalus in children born in 1999-2002: epidemiology, outcome and ophthalmological findings

Eva-Karin Persson1, Susann Anderson, Lars-Martin Wiklund

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Halmstad County Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden.

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|April 13, 2007
PubMed

Insights

The incidence of hydrocephalus in children has decreased, but post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in extremely preterm infants has increased, leading to neurological issues. Ophthalmological abnormalities are common in affected children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Hydrocephalus is a significant neurological condition in children.
  • Understanding its incidence and outcomes is crucial for effective management.
  • Previous studies provide a baseline for current epidemiological trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor the incidence and outcomes of hydrocephalus in children.
  • To compare current data with historical cohorts.
  • To identify risk factors and associated morbidities.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based prospective study in Western Sweden (1999-2002).
  • Inclusion of all children diagnosed with hydrocephalus.
  • Data collection via records, neuroimaging, and ophthalmological examinations.
  • Comparison with a cohort from 1989-1998.

Main Results:

  • Overall hydrocephalus incidence was 0.66 per 1,000 live births, with infantile hydrocephalus at 0.48 and hydrocephalus with myelomeningocele at 0.18.
  • Incidence of hydrocephalus associated with myelomeningocele decreased compared to the previous decade.
  • Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was the primary treatment (42/54 children), with a high revision rate (61%).
  • Neurological impairments affected 63% of children, more prevalent in preterm infants.
  • Parenchymal lesion extent correlated with outcome.
  • Ophthalmological abnormalities were found in 80%, with one-third experiencing visual impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Incidence of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in extremely preterm infants has risen, carrying a high risk of neurological sequelae.
  • Ophthalmological abnormalities are frequent and require systematic assessment in all hydrocephalus cases.
  • High morbidity and complication rates underscore the need for improved preventive and treatment strategies.
Abstract

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