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Genetic evaluations for mixed-breed populations.

P M VanRaden¹, M E Tooker, J B Cole

¹Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. paul@aipl.arsusda.gov

Journal of Dairy Science

|April 14, 2007

Summary

A new all-breed animal model improves genetic evaluations for US dairy cattle by incorporating crossbred data and accounting for breed differences. This enhances accuracy for both purebred and crossbred animals, aiding breeding program design.

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Area of Science:

Animal Genetics
Quantitative Genetics
Dairy Science

Background:

Traditional genetic evaluations in US dairy cattle relied on within-breed models.
Incorporating crossbred data and accounting for heterosis presents challenges for genetic evaluations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and implement an all-breed animal model for routine genetic evaluations of US dairy cattle.
To improve the accuracy of genetic evaluations by including crossbred animals and accounting for breed-specific variances and heterosis.

Main Methods:

Combined data from individual breeds and included records from crossbred cows.
Modified programs to account for general heterosis, group unknown parents by breed, adjust variances by breed, and use a 36-month age equivalent.
Analyzed six traits: milk, fat, protein, somatic cell score, productive life, and daughter pregnancy rate.

Main Results:

The all-breed model demonstrated a similar convergence rate to the previous within-breed model.
Estimated breed differences were consistent with previous studies.
Genetic evaluations from the all-breed and within-breed systems showed high correlations (>0.99 for Holsteins, <0.99 for others).
Reliabilities increased for purebred relatives and in mixed-breed herds due to additional crossbred records and contemporaries.

Conclusions:

The all-breed animal model provides accurate genetic evaluations for US dairy cattle, including crossbred animals.
The model enhances reliability and allows for routine estimation and updating of breed differences.
Further research and education are recommended for optimal utilization of these new evaluations in breeding programs.