[Antiparasitic vaccines: where are we now?]

In more than one way, the development of antiparasitic vaccines is challenging, but major efforts have been made. A large number of clinical trials have been carried out and a few antigens have been tested in the endemic zone, especially against malaria. So far, no vaccine candidate has shown a sufficient and long-lasting effectiveness that would be useful for public health. However, the trials have shown without ambiguity that a certain level of clinical immunity against paludism, schistosomiasis or leishmaniasis could be induced by vaccination, in the experimental setting or in the field.