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Related Experiment Videos

Heat expanded starch-based compositions.

Gregory M Glenn1, Artur K Klamczynski, Kevin M Holtman

  • 1Bioproduct Chemistry and Engineering Research, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA. gmg@pw.usda.gov

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|April 17, 2007
PubMed
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Starch-based foams were created using a heat expansion process, yielding low-density materials. Formulation adjustments significantly influenced foam properties like bulk density and water absorption.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Traditional expanded polystyrene (EPS) uses a heat expansion process.
  • Starch-based materials offer a potentially sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastics.
  • Developing effective expansion methods for starch is crucial for material applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt a heat expansion process for creating starch-based foams.
  • To investigate the impact of formulation components on foam properties.
  • To evaluate the physical characteristics and water resistance of the expanded starch materials.

Main Methods:

  • Starch-based compositions were processed using extrusion or drying/milling techniques to create nonporous beads or pellets.
  • These materials were then subjected to heat expansion at 190-210°C for over 20 seconds at ambient pressure.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Formulations varied in starch content (50-85%), sorbitol (5-15%), glycerol (4-12%), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVAL, 5-15%), and water (10-20%).

    • Main Results:

    • Successful expansion into low-density foams was achieved.
    • Bulk density was inversely related to sorbitol, glycerol, and water content, while increasing EVAL content (especially >15%) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) increased bulk density.
    • Wheat and potato starches resulted in lower bulk densities than corn starch; increased moisture content lowered expansion temperature, and EVAL reduced equilibrium moisture content and water absorption.

    Conclusions:

    • A viable heat expansion process for starch-based materials was developed, producing low-density foams.
    • Formulation components like plasticizers (sorbitol, glycerol) and barrier polymers (EVAL, PVAL) critically control foam density and water resistance.
    • The developed starch foams show potential for applications requiring lightweight and water-resistant materials.