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Related Concept Videos

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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

Explicit contextual information selectively contributes to predictive switching of internal models.

Hiroshi Imamizu1, Norikazu Sugimoto, Rieko Osu

  • 1Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, 2-2-2, Hikaridai, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 6190288, Japan. imamizu@atr.jp

Experimental Brain Research
|April 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The central nervous system uses predictive and postdictive mechanisms for switching internal models. Explicit context improves initial performance and memory retention during visuomotor adaptation, but not adaptation speed.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
11:54

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • The central nervous system (CNS) adapts to new environments by acquiring and switching internal models.
  • Neural mechanisms underlying the switching of these internal models remain poorly understood.
  • A computational model proposes predictive and postdictive switching mechanisms based on context and sensorimotor feedback.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of explicit contextual information in visuomotor adaptation.
  • To differentiate the effects of predictive and postdictive switching mechanisms on performance.
  • To understand the neural basis of anterograde and retrograde interference during model switching.

Main Methods:

  • Human participants adapted to alternating blocks of opposing visuomotor rotations.
  • Explicit contextual cues were provided to participants.
  • Computational simulations using separate predictive and postdictive switching mechanisms were performed.

Main Results:

  • Explicit contextual information improved initial performance at block alternations and asymptotic performance within blocks.
  • Adaptation and readaptation speeds were not significantly affected by contextual information.
  • Simulations replicated the observed effects of context on performance and suggested mechanisms for interference.

Conclusions:

  • Explicit contextual information enhances the accuracy of predictive switching, improving initial performance and memory retention.
  • Adaptation speed relies on sensorimotor feedback-dependent switching, independent of explicit context.
  • Contextual cues mitigate anterograde and retrograde interference by stabilizing internal model output signals.