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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

A Pre-Clinical Model of Synovitis Using Ex vivo Human Synovial Tissue with Preserved Function and Architecture
08:32

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Published on: March 20, 2026

Nitric oxide synthases and osteoarthritis.

Jose U Scher1, Michael H Pillinger, Steven B Abramson

  • 1The Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine/New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA.

Current Rheumatology Reports
|April 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Nitric oxide (NO) is elevated in osteoarthritis, harming cartilage by inhibiting matrix synthesis and causing cell damage. Targeting NO in chondrocytes could be a new osteoarthritis therapy.

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

A Pre-Clinical Model of Synovitis Using Ex vivo Human Synovial Tissue with Preserved Function and Architecture
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En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
08:58

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

Published on: February 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Chondrocytes produce nitric oxide (NO).
  • Increased NO production is observed in human osteoarthritis.
  • Excessive NO negatively impacts cartilage health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.
  • To understand how NO affects chondrocytes and cartilage matrix.
  • To identify NO as a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of NO production in chondrocytes from osteoarthritis patients.
  • Assessment of NO's effects on matrix synthesis and degradation.
  • Evaluation of NO's role in chondrocyte injury and apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • Elevated NO levels in chondrocytes from diseased cartilage.
  • NO inhibits cartilage matrix synthesis and accelerates degradation.
  • NO contributes to chondrocyte injury and susceptibility to apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) plays a detrimental role in osteoarthritis.
  • NO-induced chondrocyte dysfunction contributes to disease progression.
  • Targeting NO presents a promising therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis.