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Dogs and other carnivores exhibit a genome-wide increase in slippage mutation rates, contributing to rapid evolutionary change and morphological diversity. This heightened mutation rate is a key factor in their adaptability.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Mammalian morphological diversity, exemplified by dogs, is linked to genetic variation, including tandem repeat length changes in developmental genes.
  • Previous studies suggested dogs had fewer repeat interruptions and higher polymorphism than humans, but genome limitations hindered broad conclusions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genome-wide mutation rate in dogs and its evolutionary implications.
  • To determine if elevated slippage mutation rates are specific to dogs or shared among related species.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome analyses of human and dog genomes to assess mutation rates.
  • Sequencing of coding repeat regions in 42 species across 10 carnivore clades.

Main Results:

  • Dogs exhibit a genome-wide increase in the basal germ-line slippage mutation rate compared to humans.
  • An elevated genome-wide slippage mutation rate is a derived trait found in diverse wild canids, distinguishing them from other Carnivora.
  • Similar heightened slippage rates were observed in rodents, another diverse and rapidly evolving taxon.

Conclusions:

  • A genome-wide increase in slippage mutation rate may facilitate rapid evolutionary change and diversification in certain taxa.
  • The 'slippery' genome, characterized by enhanced slippage, appears correlated with major evolutionary radiations in mammals.