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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
11:29

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Published on: January 3, 2011

Corneal diabetic neuropathy: a confocal microscopy study.

Edoardo Midena1, Erica Brugin, Alessandra Ghirlando

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Italy. edoardo.midena@unipd.it

Journal of Refractive Surgery (Thorofare, N.J. : 1995)
|April 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Corneal confocal microscopy effectively diagnoses diabetic neuropathy by detecting damage to corneal nerves. This non-invasive imaging method correlates corneal nerve changes with peripheral diabetic neuropathy progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus.
  • Damage to the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus is an early indicator of diabetic neuropathy.
  • Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) offers a non-invasive method to visualize corneal nerves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the utility of CCM in diagnosing corneal sub-basal nerve plexus damage in diabetic patients.
  • To correlate CCM findings with the severity of peripheral diabetic neuropathy.

Main Methods:

  • CCM was used to quantify corneal sub-basal nerve plexus parameters in 42 diabetic patients and 27 controls.
  • Parameters included nerve fiber density, tortuosity, beading, and branching.
  • Peripheral neuropathy was assessed using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument.

Main Results:

  • Diabetic patients showed significantly reduced nerve fiber density, beading, and altered branching patterns compared to controls.
  • Nerve tortuosity was significantly increased in diabetic patients.
  • A trend indicated that corneal nerve damage correlated with peripheral diabetic neuropathy severity.

Conclusions:

  • CCM is a valuable tool for diagnosing and monitoring peripheral diabetic neuropathy.
  • Diabetes mellitus causes significant damage to the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus.
  • CCM allows for accurate and easy documentation of these corneal nerve changes.