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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

An internal clock for predictive saccades is established identically by auditory or visual information.

Wilsaan M Joiner1, Jung-Eun Lee, Adrian Lasker

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. wjoiner@bme.jhu.edu

Vision Research
|April 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that the brain uses a shared internal clock for timing eye movements (saccades) whether paced by visual or auditory cues during predictive tracking. However, reactive saccade timing varies by sensory modality.

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Published on: March 13, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Oculomotor control
  • Sensory processing

Background:

  • Repetitive predictive saccades to alternating visual targets are known to be mediated by an internal clock.
  • Auditory pacing tones at similar rates also elicit predictive saccades, raising the question of a common internal timing mechanism.
  • Understanding the internal clock's modality dependence is crucial for comprehending predictive and reactive eye movement control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether an identical internal clock mechanism underlies predictive saccades cued by auditory versus visual stimuli.
  • To compare the timing statistics of saccades generated under predictive and reactive conditions across different sensory modalities.
  • To determine if the Scalar Property of time estimation holds for predictive saccades regardless of auditory or visual cueing.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects performed repetitive saccades to visual or auditory pacing stimuli at various inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs).
  • Inter-saccade interval (ISI) distributions were analyzed for both predictive (fast ISI) and reactive (slow ISI) saccade conditions.
  • Saccade timing variability was assessed by comparing variances and normalized inter-saccade interval histograms between auditory and visual pacing.

Main Results:

  • The Scalar Property was observed for predictive saccades, with normalized inter-saccade interval histograms being nearly identical for auditory and visual pacing.
  • Variances of inter-saccade intervals were equivalent across predictive pacing rates for both modalities.
  • During reactive saccades, the variance of inter-saccade intervals was greater for auditory pacing than for visual pacing.

Conclusions:

  • An internal timing reference (internal clock) can be established using either auditory or visual sensory information for predictive saccade generation.
  • Variability in saccade timing during predictive tracking stems from the internal timing representation, not the sensory modality.
  • Variability in saccade timing during reactive tracking is influenced by the specific sensory modality triggering the saccade.