Immuno-targeting of nonionic surfactant vesicles to inflammation

Niosomes composed of sorbitan monostearate (Span 60), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (Tween 61), cholesterol, and dicetyl phosphate were conjugated with a purified monoclonal antibody to CD44 (IM7) through a cyanuric chloride (CC) linkage on the polyoxyethylene group of the Tween 61 molecule. Inclusion of small amounts of Tween 61 within the surfactant component of niosomes formed using thin film hydration techniques and sonication did not hamper vesicle stability as compared to Span 60 niosomes. Conjugation was verified by UV absorbance of fluorescently tagged IM7 in non-fluorescing niosomes and fluorescent micrographs. The immuno-niosomes were incubated with synovial lining cells expressing CD44. Attachment of niosomes was evident and showed selectivity and specificity compared to controls. These findings suggest that the resulting immuno-niosomes may provide an effective method for targeted drug delivery.