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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (SSTD NMR): A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
11:44

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (SSTD NMR): A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes

Published on: November 12, 2016

Electron spin exchange processes in strongly coupled spin triads.

Matvey V Fedin1, Sergey L Veber, Igor A Gromov

  • 1International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Institutskaya 3a, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia. mfedin@tomo.nsc.ru

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|April 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Spin dynamics in copper complexes were studied using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). A temperature-dependent spin exchange process, modulated by lattice vibrations, was observed in these strongly coupled spin triads.

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Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Magnetism
  • Quantum Spin Systems
  • Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Copper (Cu2+) hexafluoroacetylacetonate complexes with pyrazol-substituted nitronyl nitroxides serve as model systems.
  • Strongly exchange-coupled spin triads exhibit complex spin dynamics.
  • High-resolution electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is crucial for probing spin interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spin dynamics of strongly exchange-coupled spin triads.
  • To elucidate the mechanism behind temperature-dependent shifts in EPR spectra.
  • To understand the role of lattice vibrations in modulating magnetic exchange interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of Cu2+ hexafluoroacetylacetonate complexes.
  • High-resolution electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements at Q-band (35 GHz) and W-band (94 GHz).
  • Analysis of temperature-dependent EPR line shifts and theoretical modeling.

Main Results:

  • Observation of an electron spin exchange process between different spin triad multiplets.
  • Significant temperature-dependent shifts in EPR line positions attributed to spin exchange.
  • Evidence for lattice vibration modulation of exchange interactions between copper and nitroxide spins.

Conclusions:

  • The observed spin exchange phenomena are explained by lattice vibration modulation of magnetic interactions.
  • Estimated exchange process rates and model calculations support the experimental findings.
  • The study provides insights into the behavior of strongly coupled spin triads, relevant for future research.