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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of the IKK-binding Domain of NEMO
Published on: December 28, 2019
The NEMO adaptor bridges the nuclear factor-kappaB and interferon regulatory factor signaling pathways
Tiejun Zhao1, Long Yang, Qiang Sun
1Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal H3T 1E2, Canada.
Abstract:
Intracellular detection of RNA virus infection is mediated by the RNA helicase RIG-I, which is recruited to mitochondria by the adaptor protein MAVS and triggers activation of the transcription factors NF-kappaB, IRF3 and IRF7. Here we demonstrate that virus-induced activation of IRF3 and IRF7 depended on the NF-kappaB modulator NEMO, which acted 'upstream' of the kinases TBK1 and IKKepsilon. IRF3 phosphorylation, formation of IRF3 dimers and DNA binding, as well as IRF3-dependent gene expression, were abrogated in NEMO-deficient cells. IRF3 phosphorylation and interferon production were restored by ectopic expression of NEMO. Thus, NEMO, like MAVS, acts as an adaptor protein that allows RIG-I to activate both the NF-kappaB and IRF signaling pathways.
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