[Congenital aortic valve stenosis. Current treatment].

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
• Interventional Cardiology

Background:

• Congenital aortic valve stenosis affects 5-7% of cardiac malformations, being the leading cause of left heart obstruction.
• Treatment options have advanced across all age groups, from fetal interventions to adult percutaneous aortic valve replacement.
• The Ross procedure is a primary treatment for children and young adults with hypoplastic aortic annuli.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current treatment modalities for congenital aortic valve stenosis.
• To analyze the indications and optimal timing for various interventions.
• To evaluate the outcomes associated with different treatment approaches.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing medical literature on congenital aortic valve stenosis treatments.
• Analysis of data on fetal interventions, percutaneous aortic valve replacement, percutaneous aortic valve valvuloplasty, and the Ross procedure.
• Synthesis of information regarding indications, timing, and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

• Fetal interventions represent an emerging treatment at the earliest stage of life.
• Percutaneous aortic valve replacement is a viable option for elderly adults.
• Advanced percutaneous aortic valve valvuloplasty techniques improve outcomes in children and adolescents.
• The Ross procedure remains a preferred option for pediatric and young adult patients with hypoplastic aortic annuli.

Conclusions:

• A spectrum of effective treatments for congenital aortic valve stenosis now exists, catering to different age groups and specific conditions.
• Further review of indications, optimal timing, and outcomes is crucial for guiding clinical decision-making.
• Continued research and refinement of these techniques promise improved patient management and long-term results.