[Syndrome X vs metabolic syndrome].

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Cardiology
• Metabolic Diseases

Background:

• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) involves both insulin deficiency and cellular insulin insensitivity.
• Insulin resistance (IR) precedes DM2 and atherosclerotic-cardiovascular-disease (ACVD).
• Syndrome X (SX) linked IR to hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, precursors to ACVD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To differentiate and harmonize the concepts of Syndrome X (SX) and Metabolic Syndrome (MS).
• To analyze why MS serves as a valuable clinical indicator for IR and its manifestations.
• To establish that MS complements, rather than replaces, traditional cardiovascular risk assessment tools.

Main Methods:

• Review of historical and contemporary medical literature.
• Comparative analysis of the definitions and diagnostic criteria for SX and MS.
• Evaluation of MS as a clinical proxy for identifying IR.

Main Results:

• Metabolic Syndrome (MS) provides an accessible clinical approximation for identifying increased cardiometabolic risk.
• MS effectively serves as a 'clinical window' for detecting IR and associated conditions.
• The concept of MS complements, but does not substitute, established cardiovascular risk scales like the Framingham scale.

Conclusions:

• MS is a practical tool for identifying individuals at risk due to IR.
• Harmonizing SX and MS concepts clarifies their complementary roles in clinical practice.
• MS enhances, but does not replace, traditional cardiovascular risk assessment methods.